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Breathing Rate Lab
Name:
Date:
Period:
Purpose:
To determine the effect of temperature variation on the breathing rate in frogs.
Procedure:
The breathing rate in frogs can be determined by counting the times the floor of the mouth drops in one minute. Record the breaths in the data table below. Use the slider to change the temperature.
Data:
Temperature °C
Breaths per minute
5°
15°
25°
35°
Analysis: Graph your results.
Breathing Rate - Breaths/minute
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
5°
15°
25°
35°
45°
Temperature °C
Conclusion:
1. Describe the relationship between temperature and breathing rate.
2. What would you expect the breathing rate to be at 20 °C?
3. What would you expect the breathing rate to be at 40 °C?
4. What temperature would cause the frog to breathe at a rate of 90 breaths/minute?
Alamentary Canal Lab
Name:
Date:
Period:
Purpose:
The alimentary canal is the tube in which food is digested and absorbed. You will determine the length of each of the organs in this tube.
Procedure:
Grab the metric ruler and use it to measure the length of each of the organs in the alimentary canal. Measure their length to the nearest cm and record it in the data table below.
Data:
Organ
Length (cm)
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Cloaca
Total
Calculations:
Esophagus
X 100 =
%
Stomach
X 100 =
%
Small Intestine
X 100 =
%
Large Intestine
X 100 =
%
Cloaca
X 100 =
%
Analysis: Graph your results.
Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Cloaca
Conclusion:
1. Which organs occupy the greatest and least length?
2. Absorption requires more time than digestion. Based on your data, which organ is best adapted for absorption? Explain your answer.
Heart Rate Lab
Name:
Date:
Period:
Purpose:
To determine the effect of various drugs on the heart rate in frogs.
Procedure:
Count the number of heartbeats in one minute to determine the normal heart rate. Then determine how each of the four drugs affects heart rate. Select a drug by clicking on a bottle. Then drag the dropper over the beating frog heart and click again to release the drug. Record your data in the table below. Click on the word Normal on the data table to restore the normal heart rate.
Data:
Drug
Heartbeats per minute
Normal
Nicotine
Alcohol
THC
Cocaine
Analysis: Graph your results.
Heart Rate - Beats/minute
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Normal
Nicotine
Alcohol
THC
Cocaine
Drug
Conclusion:
1. How did the different drugs affect the frog's heart rate?
2. A stimulant is a drug that increases physiological activity, such as heart rate. Which drug(s) would be considered a stimulant?
3. A depressant is a drug that decreases physiological activity, such as heart rate. Which drug(s) would be considered a depressant?
Muscle Contraction Lab
Name:
Date:
Period:
Purpose:
To determine the effects of electric stimulus on the intensity of muscular contraction. Also to determine the minimum and maximum electric stimulus needed to initiate the contraction of muscle tissue.
Procedure:
Grab the voltage slider and move it to the 1 volt position. Then click the shock button. If the voltage is strong enough, the muscle will contract. Use the gauge to the right of the muscle to determine the amount of contraction and record it in the data table. If the muscle doesn't contract, record 0. Continue this procedure until all five voltage levels have been tested.
Data:
Voltage
Amount of contraction
1 Volt
2 Volts
3 Volts
4 Volts
5 Volts
Analysis: Graph your results.
Distance Contracted (mm)
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 Volt
2 Volts
3 Volts
4 Volts
5 Volts
Voltage
Conclusion:
1. What is the minimum voltage needed to stimulate a muscle?
2. At what voltage is the maximum contraction reached?
3. Describe the relationship between voltage and muscle contraction.
4. What would you expect the contraction distance to be at 6 volts?